Calcium, is a supple gray alkaline earth metal, which is the fifth most abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust. Calcium is also at the fifth most profuse dissolved ion in seawater by both molarities and mass. Calcium is a significant nutrient that we require in our bodies. It has many imperative functions. It helps getting strong teeth and bones and is involved in muscle contractions and blood clotting, The calcium is mainly stored in our teeth and bones. Low calcium level may lead to the bone fractures and in some cases porous bones or osteoporosis, generally in old age. The intake of calcium can drop down the high blood pressure, maintain your heart functions, avert gum disease, prevent colon and rectum cancer, and help blood to clot.

Citrulline Malate is not only effective in boosting endurance but it also provides energy to the body for quick recovery. This ingredient is a mix of citrulline, involved in urea cycle and a malate which is a tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate. Citrulline Malate is said to enhance the performance of muscles in patients who suffer from asthenia. Generally prescribed for antiasthenic treatments, it is also effective in controlling sensation of fatigue. Citrulline Malate is a compound which consists of citrulline, an amino acid found in water melons. According to European clinicians, it not only enhances the level of energy but also helps in increasing the feeling of well being in the human body. Citrulline Malate is sold as a dietary supplement for enhancing the performance of athletes. As a supplement, it is a salt form of the amino acid.

Di-Calcium Phosphate is mainly used as a dietary supplement in prepared breakfast cereals, dog treats, enriched flour and noodle products. It is also used as a tableting agent in some pharmaceutical preparations. It is used as a feed for poultry.

Glucuronolactone is also used as a detoxicant but is actually a natural chemical produced by glucose metabolism in the human liver.

Glycerol Monostearate also referred to as GMS. It is that fat that is formed when glycerol is esterified with stearic acid. It occurs in the body naturally as a by-product of fats and it can also be found in certain fatty foods. Glycerol Monostearate increases the endurance by retaining water in the body. They glycerol helps lower the body temperature and delay fatigue while increasing the performance. It also helps in reducing the acidity that forms in the muscle. It also improves the absorption of other supplements by helping in the delivery the nutrients in the system. It is also ideal, in losing weight because it enhances the metabolism.

L-Isoleucine is one of the nine essential amino acids that is not produced in the body. It can be obtained from animal sources like liver, fish, eggs, chicken, meat and vegetable sources like rye, cashew nuts, almonds, lentils, chickpeas and soy proteins. The metabolism of L-Isoleucine takes place in muscle tissue. It is needed for the formation of hemoglobin and stabilizes and regulates blood sugar and energy levels. It is also known to increase endurance levels and helps in the recovery of muscles after exercise. It strengthens the immune system’s ability to fight off infections and increases the level of growth hormones and insulin to maintain the body’s balance. A deficiency leads to a number of physical and mental disorders with symptoms similar to hypoglycemia.

L-Leucine is useful in conjunction with L-Valine and L-Isoleucine as an amino acid supplement. L-Leucine is an amino acid that a body cannot produce on its own. It is expected to be received externally from food sources such as brown rice and nuts or even through some of the dietary supplementation. L-Leucine is showing numerous advantages in the athletic qualities. Within six week of training with L-Leucine in association, a person is able to maximize the aerobic power. In the six weeks the strength and power in the upper body increases. However, research and studies is limited carried on the athletic performance. L-Leucine incorporated into the muscle protein in continuation with two weeks exercise regime will give adequate resistance and the muscle protein synthesis will certainly show an increase. L-Leucine is a preservative of the muscles, but is as well a supplement that enhances the capabilities of muscle building owing to the enhanced protein synthesis rate.

L-Tyrosine is an amino acid that is nonessential. It is synthesized from the body from phenylalanine which is also an amino acid. L-Tyrosine has the power to have an effect on the neurotransmitters and this affects various health conditions including depression, mood disorders and Parkinson’s disease. Many such studies have proved that L-Tyrosine helps people having depression. It acts as a precursor and eases the effects of psychosocial, environmental and physical stress. L-Tyrosine turns into melanin by the skin cells and the dark pigment prevents the ultraviolet light from affecting. The thyroid hormones playing a significant role in the process of the body also contain tyrosine. L-Tyrosine is commonly found in all the dairy products, fish, oats, wheat, meat and also in all other protein containing foods. This is also found to be beneficial for people trying to withdraw alcohol. L-Tyrosine has not exhibited severe side effects, yet taking it should be recommended by doctors.

L-Valine is an amino acid in combination with L-Leucine and L-Isoleucine. These amino acids maintain everyday life and offer maximum support. L-Valine is acquired from vegetable and animal protein. L-Valine regulates the immune system and is involved in the protein synthesis and glucose metabolism. L-Valine is effective in muscle growth as well as tissue repair. L-Valine is a part of the muscle metabolism and is also effective in the nitrogen balance in the body. L-Valine is found in the muscles in high concentration, but this cannot be done on its own in the body and has to be acquired through dietary or food supplements. L-Valine has stimulating effect and maintains the nitrogen in the body. It is effective for repair as well as growth of tissues and for muscle metabolism. Adhering to the label directions is highly recommended. This is normally safe and has no side effect until now. However, for the dietary supplement consulting the physician before use is the best.

Magnesium is a mineral that may be found inside most of the cells in the body tissues and organs. It is important in the absorption of calcium and aids in the formation and development of bones and teeth. Magnesium deficient individuals have an increased risk of acquiring osteoporosis; they also have problematic menstrual cycle such as premenstrual syndrome, irregular cycle and dysmenorrhoea. Magnesium helps in maintaining the cardiovascular health and decreases the risk of heart problems. It also prevents gallstones from forming. Magnesium is useful in the treatment of high blood pressure. It is also helpful in treating erectile dysfunction and prostate problems.

Magnesium Chloride is a chemical compound extracted from natural mineral bischofite. Its chemical formula in salt form is MgCl2 and in hydrated form is MgCl2 (H2O) x. The hydrates of Magnesium chloride are produced from brine or sea water. Magnesium chloride is used as a precursor to other magnesium compounds on a substantial scale. It is used in supplements to fulfill the deficiency of magnesium because it’s less laxative then magnesium sulfate, and more bioavailable than other magnesium compounds. Magnesium chloride has antiseptic properties and research is also being done on its effectiveness against tumors when used as a feed additive.

Maltodextrin is a form of glucose that is found in many foods as an additive. It is easy to digest and is almost flavorless. Maltodextrin is formed mainly from starchy products, such as corn and wheat. The starch in these foods is being used to produce maltodextrin through a process called hydrolisys. Maltodextrin is presently being used as an alternative to sugar because it has the ability to produce a sweet flavoring without as many calories. Although considered a carbohydrate, it has lower levels of properties as compared to carbohydrates, thus keeping the consumer free from worry about health issues. Maltodextrin is an effective and inexpensive way to get the required flavoring you desire in your favorite foods, without having to worry about your health.

Palatinose is also known as Isomaltulose. It is a low glycemic and low insulinemic carbohydrate that is chemically derived from sucrose. It is absorbed in the small intestine as disaccharides of glucose and fructose. Palatinose gives a prolonged supply of energy. It works by allowing the glucose enter the blood at a very slow rate that prevents the sudden changes in the glucose and insulin levels. This also helps maintain a balanced blood sugar level. It also inhibits the formation of caries in the teeth because unlike ordinary sugars such as sucrose, maltose and glucose; they are not transformed into acidic substance that causes the formation of plaque on the surface of teeth.

Phosphate (Phosphorus) is perhaps one of the most important mineral, which in form of phosphate as an intercellular anion serves a multitude of functions. Not only are phosphates essential for the utilization of most vitamins belonging to the B complex, but they are vital for energy storage and the overall metabolism. But that is not all, phosphate is essential for healthy bones and teeth, calcium with phosphorus are required for them and soft tissues as well. But also body fluids require phosphates for excretion of hydrogen ions through the kidneys. Somewhere around one per cent of the body weight should be phosphorus in some form, therefore it is vital to supply your body with sufficient phosphates through milk, cheese, nuts, peanut butter, peas and other sources, including supplements.

Sodium Chloride

Vitamin B12 is a water-souble member of the vitamin B complex. Requirements are in the microgram range, which is lower than the milligram range of the other B vitamins. Vitamin B12 is involved in the production of red blood cells and is usually known as the anti-anemia vitamin.

Vitamin B3, also called Niacin, is a water-soluble vitamin needed for the conversion of food into energy so that it may be used by the body. Vitamin B3 also helps metabolize protein, sugar and fat.

Vitamin B6 allows the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates, as well as lipids to take place, also aids in keeping skin vibrant.

Vitamin B9 or Folic acid is an essential water soluble vitamin. Though folic acid is needed for all age groups, folic acid supplements is necessary for aging people, pregnant women, smokers, women on oral contraceptives and heavy alcohol drinkers as their body have difficulty in absorbing folic acid through food. Folic acid has many vital functions to perform in our body. It helps in preventing heart disease, stroke, and may help prevent cervical, lung and colon cancer and helps in maturation of red blood cells. It’s recommended that pregnant women take folic acid supplementation through out pregnancy as it helps prevent premature delivery, low birth weight and fetal growth retardation. It may also help reduce the risk of renal disease in children and is necessary for fertility in both women and men. Some studies suggest that there is a relationship between folic acid and allergic diseases and depression. It also reduces risk of bone fractures, osteoporosis and helps prevent rheumatoid arthritis. It increases lipolysis and may help in preventing obesity and type 2 diabetes. In a study conducted it increased the short-term memory, mental agility and verbal fluency of people who consumed folic acid supplements (800mgs) daily. Folic acid supplements are also used to relieve hot flushes in postmenopausal women and helps correct anemia caused by vitamin B 12 deficiencies.

Vitamin C is well known for its powerful ability to help boost the immune system as well as fight off damage causing free radicals. As an anti-oxidant, vitamin c binds with free radicals, preventing them from damaging cells. This damage can cause early aging and even has been linked to some cancers. By taking vitamin C supplements, you are helping prevent these free-radicals, as well as giving your immune system a boost as well. Vitamin C is integral to cellular metabolism as well and a lack of vitamin C can cause a myriad of issues, including scurvy.

Waxy Maize Starch (WMS) is a complex, long-chain, high molecular weight (much higher then dextrose and maltodextrin) carbohydrate. It is sugar and lactose free. It contains Amylopectin (95-99%) and a low percentage of Amylose (1-5%). WMS is taken as a supplement by athletes because it’s claimed that it restores glycogen levels faster than dextrose. It is taken post workout as an insulin-boosting carbohydrate source with a fast acting whey isolate or whey hydrolysate. Since WMS has a high molecular weight, it is digested and absorbed very rapidly, which in turn reduces the risk of stomach discomfort.