Calcium, is a supple gray alkaline earth metal, which is the fifth most abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust. Calcium is also at the fifth most profuse dissolved ion in seawater by both molarities and mass. Calcium is a significant nutrient that we require in our bodies. It has many imperative functions. It helps getting strong teeth and bones and is involved in muscle contractions and blood clotting, The calcium is mainly stored in our teeth and bones. Low calcium level may lead to the bone fractures and in some cases porous bones or osteoporosis, generally in old age. The intake of calcium can drop down the high blood pressure, maintain your heart functions, avert gum disease, prevent colon and rectum cancer, and help blood to clot.

Citrulline Malate is encouraged to boost endurance as well as to give more energy for good training and also shows speedy recovery. Citrulline Malate is a blend of citrulline and this is a tri-carboxylic acid. This is normally prescribed treatment as antiasthenic. The research and studies show that the human’s muscles shows improvement in the performance even in people suffering with loss of body strength. Citrulline Malate shows significant reduction in the fatigue feeling and also a substantial increase in the ATP production. This indication leads to more energy production and a healthy attitude. These results are truly interesting. The studies in this concept show that all the sports drinks, food supplements, and other energy bars follow this pattern. It has been found to be effective and has the potential in enhancing the performance and fat loss or muscle growth. Citrulline Malate is of immense use for high intensity exercise such as bodybuilders, athletes, runners and cyclists.

Di-Calcium Phosphate, also known as calcium monohydrogen phosphate is usually found as a hihydrate. However being a dibasic calcium phosphate, it can thermally be converted to its anhydroius form. Dicalcium phosphate is generally mined from the earth’s crust and may also be known as lime, calcium lime etc. However since di-calcium phosphate is incapable of breaking down completely, it is a poor source of replacing calcium in the bones. Since it contains calcium, Di-calcium phosphate will dissolve in the stomach acid (HCL). However since it is bound to phosphate, it will not be completely soluble. This results in partial dissolution and is insufficient for proper metabolism. This calcium from the di-calcium phosphate could collect in the arteries causing arteriosclerotic heart disease, or it could end up in the tissue making the skin age prematurely etc.

Glucuronolactone is a naturally occurring metabolite present in the body. This substance hastens the riddance of exogenic and endogenic noxal – a harmful substance and thereby detoxifies the body and improves the functioning of the liver. Due to its ability to reduce viral and bacterial beta-glucuronidase, it is used for curing typhoid patients. It is widely used in energy drink to fight fatigue or to improve workout performance. Glucuronolactone is an active ingredient that helps the brain retain memory, encourages elatedness and reduces depression and sleepiness. Glucuronolactone supplement benefit those who wish to boost their level of energy. It is present in stimulant drinks like Viper Extreme and Red Bull. To increase energy glucuronolactone must be taken in doses of 100 – 200 milligrams. It works the best when combined with taurine and caffeine.

Glycerol Monostearate also referred to as GMS. It is that fat that is formed when glycerol is esterified with stearic acid. It occurs in the body naturally as a by-product of fats and it can also be found in certain fatty foods. Glycerol Monostearate increases the endurance by retaining water in the body. They glycerol helps lower the body temperature and delay fatigue while increasing the performance. It also helps in reducing the acidity that forms in the muscle. It also improves the absorption of other supplements by helping in the delivery the nutrients in the system. It is also ideal, in losing weight because it enhances the metabolism.

L-Isoleucine is one of the amino acids besides the other two, L-Valine and L-Leucine. These are found in all the forms of life as proteins. They are as well obtainable in the diet through vegetable and animal sources. L-Isoleucine is good to regulated blood sugar as well the energy levels. It is also important in the synthesis of hemoglobulin and thereby increases endurance. L-Isolecuine gets metabolized in the tissues of the muscles and the opulent L-Isolecuine sources are almonds, cashews and soy protein. Hence, this is prominent among athletes and is taken in combination with the other two amino acids, L-Leucine and L-Valine. L-Isoleucine is required for the formation of hemoglobin and also regulates as well as stabilizes the energy levels. The other food sources of L-Isoleucine are eggs, meat, fish, rye, chickpeas, chicken, liver and lentils. People suffering from physical and mental disorders are usually deficient in L-Isoleucine. These amino acids are required for the synthesis of enzymes, structural protein and for hormones.

L-Leucine with the food additive E number code E641 is classified as a flavor enhancer. Leucine is actually an essential alpha-amino acid and a vital part of so called “buffer” proteins, such as ferritin and astacin. You can find leucine in foods such as whole wheat bread products, nuts and brown rice. As a supplement, researchers have found that leucine slows the degradation of muscles and muscle tissues through an inflated synthesis of muscle proteins. In the human body, leucine can be found in the liver, but most prominently in the muscle and adipose tissues, where it is utilized in production of sterols. In body building circles L-Leucine as a dietary supplement is very popular for all these properties, but also for the preservation of muscle glycogen, nitrogen balance maintenance and more.

L-Tyrosine, a non-essential amino acid that is used to build protein. It is a precursor dopamine, as well as a precursor to norepinephrine and epinephrine. The body makes L-Tyrosine from the amino acid phenylalanine. Since L-Tyrosine is a precursor of Dopamine, it may raise mental alertness, making it of great use in exercise programs.

L-Valine, an essential amino acid, promotes the smooth functioning of the body. It is derived from animal and vegetable proteins like seafood, poultry, meat, cottage cheese, sesame seeds, dry whole lentils and roasted peanuts. It regulates the immune system, assists protein synthesis and glucose metabolism. It also promotes growth of muscles and repair of tissues that get damaged due to stress, disease, surgery or injury. It maintains the body’s nitrogen level and energizes the muscles. L-Valine helps detoxify the body against ammonia and prevents muscle wasting in diabetics. It assists in correcting drug addiction related amino acid deficiencies, gallbladder and liver diseases and is linked with treating neurological conditions and brain damage due to alcohol intake. One should consult a physician before consuming the supplement.

Magnesium is essential to all living cells and is a vital component to a healthy diet. Calcium absorption for the body largely depends on magnesium to facilitate this.

Magnesium Chloride is a chemical compound extracted from natural mineral bischofite. Its chemical formula in salt form is MgCl2 and in hydrated form is MgCl2 (H2O) x. The hydrates of Magnesium chloride are produced from brine or sea water. Magnesium chloride is used as a precursor to other magnesium compounds on a substantial scale. It is used in supplements to fulfill the deficiency of magnesium because it’s less laxative then magnesium sulfate, and more bioavailable than other magnesium compounds. Magnesium chloride has antiseptic properties and research is also being done on its effectiveness against tumors when used as a feed additive.

Maltodextrin is a food additive which is a short chained starch sugar. it is a sweetener with less calories than sugar. Often used in supplements.

Palatinose is also known as Isomaltulose. It is a low glycemic and low insulinemic carbohydrate that is chemically derived from sucrose. It is absorbed in the small intestine as disaccharides of glucose and fructose. Palatinose gives a prolonged supply of energy. It works by allowing the glucose enter the blood at a very slow rate that prevents the sudden changes in the glucose and insulin levels. This also helps maintain a balanced blood sugar level. It also inhibits the formation of caries in the teeth because unlike ordinary sugars such as sucrose, maltose and glucose; they are not transformed into acidic substance that causes the formation of plaque on the surface of teeth.

Phosphate (Phosphorus) is perhaps one of the most important mineral, which in form of phosphate as an intercellular anion serves a multitude of functions. Not only are phosphates essential for the utilization of most vitamins belonging to the B complex, but they are vital for energy storage and the overall metabolism. But that is not all, phosphate is essential for healthy bones and teeth, calcium with phosphorus are required for them and soft tissues as well. But also body fluids require phosphates for excretion of hydrogen ions through the kidneys. Somewhere around one per cent of the body weight should be phosphorus in some form, therefore it is vital to supply your body with sufficient phosphates through milk, cheese, nuts, peanut butter, peas and other sources, including supplements.

Sodium Chloride

Vitamin B12, or rather the Vitamin B complex, is a group of vitamins that are all soluble in water and very often coexist in food sources. While every single Vitamin from the B complex group has a name, they are very often referred to by the number added to the Vitamin B group name, like Vitamin B1, which is thiamine, or Vitamin B2, which is riboflavin. Some other compounds have been added to the Vitamin B group at some time, but were later dropped, like adenine, orotic acid or adenosine monophosphate, where later research found that they are either synthesized by the human body or simply no Vitamins. Vitamin B complex supports the metabolism rate, maintains muscle tone and skin, raises functions of the nervous system and the immune system, promotes red blood cells and cell growth and division and much more.

Vitamin B3 is also known as Niacin or nicotinic acid. It helps in the conversion of carbohydrates into glucose that serves as fuel for energy. It also helps the body in metabolizing fats and proteins. Niacin also helps in the production of hormones necessary for the body to function properly. It is also effective in improving the circulation in the body. It lowers cholesterol, triglycerides and blood sugar level. It also helps in the treatment of coronary artery disease. It also helps in regulating the blood sugar level. Niacin also helps prevent the Pellagra disease, which causes digestive problems, diarrhea, dermatitis, hyper-pigmentation, amnesia, dementia, delirium, and even death. Niacin also helps prevent Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, and is also effective in treating acne.

Vitamin B6 is one of the most important vitamins that play an essential role in the development and keeping the immune system healthy. Vitamin B6 is water soluble that contains pyridoxal, pyridoxine, and pyridoxamine. It is needed by the body in various functions such as red blood cell metabolism and conversion of the amino acid tryptophan to the vitamin niacin. It is also important in ensuring the efficient function of the nervous and immune systems. It helps manufacture proteins and neurotransmitters, haemoglobin, and prostaglandins. It also helps balance the hormones. Vitamin B6 is known to help give relief to women suffering from menopausal symptoms, and premenstrual syndromes. It also helps reduce the incidence of breast cancer.

Vitamin B9, also known as Folic acid or Folacin is a water-soluble vitamin. It is very essential to several bodily functions including nucleotide synthesis to the remethylation of homocysteine. Vitamin B9 is also very important during the periods of rapid cell division and growth and thus it is essential that pregnant women have an adequate intake of folic acid. This is also because Vitamin B9 helps protect against a number of congenital malformations like spina bifida etc. Vitamin B9 should be a part of the diet of both adults and children as it is required to produce healthy red blood cells as well as prevent anemia. It is also necessary for fertility in both men and women. It isn’t difficult ingesting vitamin B9 since it is present in green leafy vegetables like spinach, lettuce, beans, peas, sunflower seeds, liver, baker’s yeast etc.

Vitamin C- Perhaps the most popular vitamin, L-ascorbic acid is viewed as an essential nutrient and is required to synthesize collagen in humans. The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid, or Vitamin C for short, is the famous ingredient of oranges and other citrus fruits. It has been said that a glass of pure squeezed orange juice provides the daily requirement of Vitamin C. While the antioxidant function is deemed important, other biosynthetic functions are of vital significance. It provides an electron for eight different enzymes, besides the aforementioned synthesis of collagen; it aids the synthesis of carnitine and neurotransmitters, synthesis and catabolism of tyrosine and the metabolism of microsome. The additional function as a reducing agent, keeping iron and copper at bay is an additional trait.

Waxy Maize Starch (WMS) is a complex, long-chain, high molecular weight (much higher then dextrose and maltodextrin) carbohydrate. It is sugar and lactose free. It contains Amylopectin (95-99%) and a low percentage of Amylose (1-5%). WMS is taken as a supplement by athletes because it’s claimed that it restores glycogen levels faster than dextrose. It is taken post workout as an insulin-boosting carbohydrate source with a fast acting whey isolate or whey hydrolysate. Since WMS has a high molecular weight, it is digested and absorbed very rapidly, which in turn reduces the risk of stomach discomfort.