Acetyl- L-Tyrosine occurs naturally in the body. This amino acid plays a pivotal role in assisting the body in developing chemicals such as dopamine. Without this, the body can have adverse effects culminating in a sense of sadness, depression, anxiety and an inability to concentrate. Most over the counter supplements that are intended to help boost the body’s naturally occurring processes also include sorbitol, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, modified cellulose gum and colloidal silicon dioxide. This supplement is ideal for vegetarian and vegan users as it contains no animal products. There may be adverse interactions with MAO inhibitor drugs and this should not be used if pregnant or nursing.

Bioperine, a standardized extract from the fruit of Piper nigrum L (black pepper) or Piper longum L (long pepper). It contains 95 percent of piperine. Bioperine is used in conjunction with other herbs or vitamins to increase their absorption and digestion to make them more effective.

Caffeine may be the most popular legal addictive stimulant that is available to mankind. Besides coffee, tea, guarana and kola nut have excess amount of this xanthine alkaloid, which is actually acting as a psychoactive drug. In several plants, caffeine is an effective insect repellant, but this trimethylxanthine is deemed by the Food and Drug Administration as generally safe food substance. It is an antagonist of adenosine receptors. The effect of caffeine is individual and may more or less increase the ability to perform physical and mental labor. It reduces the effects of fatigue and may in long term help predominantly men reduce the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease. It has also been observed that caffeine has nootropic effects, furthermore, regular consumption of caffeine may significantly reduce the risk of heart diseases.

Cayenne- There are a number of different names by which cayenne can be referred to. Bird pepper, red pepper, guinea pepper are a few of them. Cayenne is a kind of red chili pepper, which is hot in nature. It is mainly used for the purpose of cooking and medicines. Cayenne is one of the most widely used ingredients to add spice in the dishes. Sichuan cuisine uses a lot of cayenne in its sauces. It can be used in a lot of different forms. Powdered, flakes, dried and fresh are the most commonly used forms of the cayenne. A lot of vinegar based sauces use cayenne as the main ingredient to add hotness to the sauce. Another very important use of cayenne is for medicinal purposes. Cayenne helps in improving blood circulation and other circulatory related health issues.

Chromium Polynicotinate is a more biologically active component than other forms of Chromium. CP helps to control blood sugar levels and can be dangerous to the blend of fats, cholesterol, and proteins. It is helpful in the metabolism of glucose and is important for getting energy. Chromium polynicotinate is a mineral that adds a hormone-like regulation to develop carbohydrate metabolism. As all carbohydrates finally are reduced to simple glucose in the body. Chromium polynicotinate provides the mediator action by plugging serum glucose through the bloodstream to the muscle cell directly. Chromium is essential for glucose regulation, carbohydrate metabolism, and energy production. It may also produce anabolic effects, but with no side effects.

CLA- The conjugated linoleic acids, commonly abbreviated as CLA, are isomers, compounds which have the same molecular formula, but differ in structure. Twenty eight of these linoleic acid compounds have been discovered as of yet and all of them are either in the meat or milk, including the derived products, of ruminants. CLAs have been proven to act as anti-carcinogens, are able to fight inflammation, but also are able to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Some studies conducted with the effects of CLA in diets have expressed that approximately 3.4 gram intake of CLA daily reduces the body fat, particularly abdominal fat. For body builders it is of utmost importance to have a lean six pack and CLA is apparently the best aid you can find.

Cocoa Seed Extract is the extract of the seeds of Theobroma cacao. It is cultivated for its seeds which are present in its pod shaped fruits. The extracts from its seeds have a number of health benefits. They are also used to make chocolate. Studies show that Cocoa extracts contain a high level of flavonoids, specifically epicatechin, which may have beneficial cardiovascular effects on health. The ingestion of flavonol-rich cocoa is associated with acute elevation of circulating nitric oxide, enhanced flow-mediated vasodilatation, and augmented microcirculation. Researchers also found that consumption of Cocoa can reduce risk of cancer and can reduce elevated blood pressure.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid.

Dandelion is a group of flowering plants which are found in Europe, Asia and North America. Two of the dandelion variants are worldwide spread weeds and can be seen flowering almost throughout the year. Seeds of the dandelion plant are produced without pollination, creating offspring with identical genetic material. Luteolin, a flavonoid, is a powerful antioxidant, is a secondary metabolite of dandelion and is believed to possess strong properties as an anti-inflammation agent, modulator of the immune system and promoter of the carbohydrate related metabolism. Furthermore it is thought to have significant anti-carcinogenic properties. Dandelion has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for liver detox, but in recent times there is evidence that dandelion may also be able to normalize sugar levels in blood.

DMAE is an organic compound also known as dimethylaminoethanol, Deanol, beta – dimethylaminoethyl alcohol or N, N-dimethyl-2-aminoethanol; a biochemical precursor to the peripheral and central nervous systems’ neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is also one of the many neurotransmitters in the autonomic nervous system and furthermore the one and only active neurotransmitter in the somatic nervous system, as well as in all autonomic ganglia. DMAE is related to choline and is deemed to have nootropic properties. It seems that supplements containing DMAE, which have gained popularity in recent times, improve the energy levels, promote relaxation during sleep and improve memory and learning capabilities. In athletic and body building circles, athletes use DMAE to shorten the recovery time after demanding trainings and to improve the overall athletic performances.

Folic Acid, a water-soluble B vitamin that is necessary to form essential body proteins. Folic acid, sometimes called Folate also promotes the synthesis of hemoglobin in the body.

Garcinia Cambogia- Gambooge, a subtropical version of the Garcinia genus and native to Indonesia, is the local name for garcinia cambogia. It bears a pumpkin like yellow coloured fruit, which extract, together with the rind, is in India a curry condiment. Extracts are also being used in several herbal appetite suppressants, but also in some energy providing products and supplements. In the body building community, besides the weight loss properties of garcinia cambogia, the main component, hydroxycitric acid, or HCA, seems to increase the levels of lipolysis in athletes. HCA may even prove to be more effective in combined use with carnitine and pyruvate. In India, garcinia cambogia was traditionally used to treat edema, constipation, irregular menstruation and against intestinal parasites. Further uses include combating rheumatism and bowel related troubles.

Ginger Root- Ginger is a very popular spice and has been used for culinary purposes for ages. Besides the widespread use in the cuisine of many nations, several traditional medicines, including the Indian and Chinese medicinal practices, have used this Zingiber officinale, as the Latin name goes, for its pain relieving, anti allergenic and anti inflammatory activities. Further uses have been noted for treatment of various ailments of the digestive tract, such as diarrhea and nausea, but also as general stomach settlers. While the use of the ginger root extract has been used in ginger beer and ginger ale beverages, the use as dietary supplement or component in nutritional supplement concoctions is relatively recent. The volatile oils of the ginger root extract have been noted for the antibacterial, analgesic, sedative and antipyretic properties.

Grape Skin Extract is extracted from the skin of grapes. Grape skin extracts, particularly red grape skin extracts, are becoming popular in medicine and nutritional supplements because some recent researches have indicated that polyphenolic extracts of red grape skin can prevent and inhibit angiogenesis, and decreases the basal motility of endothelial and cancerous cells because it has inhibitory effects on the vascular endothelial growth factor and the enzyme sphingosine- 1 - phosphate, thus preventing diseases related to angiogenesis deregulation. These diseases frequently include cancers and malignant brain tumors.

Grapefruit Extract, also known as citrus seed extract is a liquid that is derived from the seeds, pulp as well as the white membranes of grapefruit. Some scientists claim that grapefruit extract possesses antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal properties while others recommend it for the treatment of earache, throat infections etc. There are two ways in which grapefruit extract is prepared. One is the natural, self-made grapefruit extract which is made by grinding the seed and pulp and then mixing them with glycerine. The second method is the commercial way in which the seed, pulp, glycerine and synthetic preservatives are all blended together. Grapefruit extract is believed to have a lot of scope in the health food industry. However one has to be careful as grapefruit can have several interactions with certain drugs like warfarin.

Green Tea Extract, a bioflavonoid rich, potent extract used primarily for fighting free radicals. It contains a high content of polyphenols, which are a class of bioflavonoids. Green tea extract contains a potent antioxidant, EGCG, which is over 200 times more powerful than vitamin E in neutralizing the pro-oxidants and free radicals that attack lipids in the brain. Green tea extract helps with thermogenesis and aids in the metabolism of fat. Green Tea has been used for years as a powerful antioxidant, it may also be helpful in shedding fat. The most obvious benefit to dieters is that it works without increasing the heart rate most often found in diet aids. The increased heart rate leaves dieters jittery and eventually, most dieters stop using the supplement and gain weight back. Now through using green tea extract, dieters get the weight loss benefits without any of the jittery effects, especially in obese individuals with hypertension and other cardiovascular complications.

Guarana contains a significant amount of guaranine, a substance that is similar to caffeine found in coffee beans. It helps stimulate the adrenal glands and increase the production and release of hormones such as epinephrine, norepinephrine (adrenaline), and dopamine. This helps the metabolism of the body that enhances fat loss, and increases energy and endurance. It helps the body burn the fats to be used for energy. It aids in fighting stress, weakness and fatigue. As a stimulant, it also improves mental alertness, clarity, focus, concentration, and memory retention. Guarana also also improves the libido or sex drive in both men and women. Guarana also contains tannins that help prevent diarrhea and soothes the digestive system.

Kola Nut is native to Africa, mainly found in the tropical rain forests. There are about hundred and twenty tree species which belong to this family, their fruit, the kola nut, being the interesting feature. It has been traditionally used for chewing, with an effect where hunger cravings subsided. The popularity of the kola nut was established by The Coca-Cola Company, which used the kola nut as an ingredient in this popular drink. Many other similar drinks and also energy drinks feature this ingredient. The kola nut, although featuring caffeine, provides a xanthine mixture with catechins which not only stimulate the central nervous system but also has analeptic and lipolytic properties, as well as chronotropic effects. Further effects include enhanced alertness, physical energy, mood and tactile sensitivity, as well as appetite suppression.

L-Carnitine helps to metabolize food into a source of energy to be burned for weight loss purposes.

L-Tyrosine is a common amino acid and a para-isomer of tyrosine. It is deemed organic because of the carbon atom present and it is nonessential to survival, but works as a building block of protein. It is also viewed as a precursor of dopamine, which has several effects, like offsetting fatigue, mental and physical, as well as increasing the impression of well being. When the amino acid phenylalanine is broken down, L-Tyrosine can be won completely naturally. Besides being a precursor of the aforementioned neurotransmitter dopamine, L-Tyrosine is also deemed a precursor to some adrenal hormones, namely epinephrine and norepinephrine. In body building circles this supplement is popular to offset fatigue after a hard training or competition, but also to raise mental alertness while working out.

Magnesium Stearate is coommonly used as a filling agent in the manufacture of capsules and tablets, such as vitamins, the source of this ingredient is typically bovine. However, there is an increasing number of vegetarian options in which the product specifically indicates it contains magnesium stearate from vegetable sources.

Opumtia Ficus-indica is a species of cactus which has been domesnticated for a long time. It is a very important agricultural plant in economies throughout the arid and semiarid parts of the world. Opuntia ficus-indica is also known by other names. They are Indian fig opuntia or barbary fig. The main reason behind growing the opuntia ficus-indica is its fruits. The vegetable nopales are also used for various purposes. In the culinary world, it is often referred to as the prickly pear. The large, sweet fruits called tuna are the most commercially valuable use of the species of opuntia ficus-indica. Sicily, Spain, Mexico, Ethiopia, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, Israel, Chile, Algeria, Morocco, Italy are some of the countries that cultivate the opuntia ficus-indica in significant quantity.

Pantothenic Acid is also called vitamin B5 (a B vitamin). Its chemical formula is C9H17NO5 and Mol. Mass is 219.23 g mol-1 . It is a water soluble type of Vitamin B and an essential nutrient for life. Pantothenic acid is critical in the metabolism and synthesis of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. It is used in some hair and skin care products .Pantothenic acid supplements are used to fulfill vitamin deficiency. Research also shows that these supplements reduce the duration of morning stiffness, degree of disability, and pain severity in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Silica is silicon dioxide, a trace mineral found in bones, teeth, skin, eyes, glands and organs. It also helps keep skin elastic. Silica works with calcium to maintain bone strength.

Stearic Acid is a saturated fatty acid that occurs in many animal and vegetable fats and oils. Stearic acid is useful as an ingredient in making candles, soaps, plastics, oil pastels and cosmetics, and for softening rubber. Stearic acid is used to harden soaps, particularly those made with vegetable oil. Even though stearic acid is a saturated fat, studies have suggested that it has little effect on blood cholesterol levels, because such a high proportion is converted to oleic acid.

Vanadyl Sulfate, while nutritionally not deemed necessary, is a very common component of food supplements and body building products. This inorganic compound is believed to mimic to some extent the effects of insulin, which, among other things, controls the uptake of glucose and apparently vanadyl sulfate would thereby promote better energy delivery to the muscles. While most of the vanadyl sulfate currently being sold in nutritional supplements and drugs is won by extracting vanadium from petroleum residues, some providers profess other sources, such as eggs, radishes, oats, buckwheat and vegetable oil. While possible deployment of vanadyl sulfate as a treatment method for diabetes is still being researched, the body building community has embraced this supplement as an energy increasing, muscle toning aid towards a better workout.

Vitamin A- Otherwise known as retinol is the vitamin which helps the eyes to adjust to changes in light levels as well as keeping the eyes, skin and mucous membranes moist. Vitamin A enters the human diet mostly from animal foods, but as well as this some plant foods contain beta-carotene, which the body is then able to convert into Vitamin A. Retinol has antioxidant properties that help the body to repair tissue and cellular damage by neutralizing free radicals. Although there seems to be some evidence that retinol may help in cases of established artery disease the American Heart Association does not recommend it as a necessary supplement until there is more evidence.

Vitamin B12 is a water soluble vitamin and is one of the 8 B vitamins. It has the chemical formula C63H88CoN14O14P. In the absence of Vitamin B12, the brain and the nervous system will not be able to function properly. It also plays a key role in the formation of blood. Vitamin B12 was discovered from its relation to the ailment pernicious anemia. Plants and animals are not capable of synthesizing VitaminB12; the enzymes required for this purpose are found only in bacteria. Vitamin B12 deficiency in human beings is due to its complex human physiology. It is available singly or in combination with other supplements.

Vitamin B6, also known as Pyridoxine, Vitamin B6 is an essential vitamin to aid in the formation of healthy red blood cells and supports more vital bodily functions than any other vitamin. A water-soluble vitamin, Vitamin B6 is needed to release energy from the food we eat. Vitamin B6 cannot be stored in the body, so it must be obtained daily from either food or supplements. Vitamin B6’s role as a coenzyme involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins is what makes it important for dieters. Vitamin B6 is also responsible for the manufacture of hormones, red blood cells, neurotransmitters, enzymes, and prostaglandins. Vitamin B6 is required for the production of seratonin, a brain neurotransmitter that controls mood, appetite, sleep patterns, and sensitivity to pain. For weight loss, dieters should include vitamin B6 to increase their metabolism while rounding out a healthy diet.

Vitamin C is L-ascorbic acid, or the active component of Vitamin C. Ascorbate, which is an ion of the ascorbic acid, is required for many metabolic reactions and is manufactured internally by most organisms, except humans. It is an essential nutrient and needs to be provided through nutrition. While oranges were traditionally deemed a good source of Vitamin C, the amount provided by an orange is dwarfed by the amount provided by the kakadu plum the richest Vitamin C plant resource of the world. Other notable sources are red peppers, parsley, Kiwifruit, Guava, Broccoli, Camu Camu, rose hip, Jujube, papaya, strawberries, lemon, melon and similar. Vitamin C is essential for tyrosine, carnitine and collagen synthesis, is the most widely available antioxidant and furthermore is vital for blood vessels, cartilage and scar tissue.

Vitamin E is an antioxidant that is known for protecting the tissues of the body from damage caused by free radicals.

White Kidney Bean Extract neutralizes a digestive enzyme known as alpha amylase before it converts starch into sugar or glucose and eventually fat allowing carbohydrates to flow through the bodies system at a substantially lower caloric intake.

White Willow Bark possesses salicin that offers identical effect as aspirin and exhibits no side effects. This is the basis for aspirin synthesis. Chinese healers used it to control pain and the Native Americans also understood the value of it to get relief from headaches as well rheumatism. This also reduces fevers. The advantage of white willow bark is that it also helps in reducing weight and aids the diet goals. It is an anti-inflammatory and is analgesic, anti-rheumatic, fever reducer and gives relief from inflammatory pains such as rheumatism, carpal tunnel syndrome and arthritis. White willow bark is found in Asia and Europe. Taking one or two capsules at mealtimes is recommended. However, this dosage should not be exceeded. This does not exhibit significant side effects, but the tannins present in the white willow extract may result in stomach upset and may trouble if a person is allergic to aspirin.

Yerba Matte has a level of caffeine and is therefore a stimulant aids in toning, balancing and strengthening the body, aids in digestion, calms and balances nerves and is also used to help treat allergies and sinusitis.